This Advisory Opinion concerns the following issue as formulated from facts and/or circumstances furnished by a requestor. The Commission approved this opinion on April 6, 2001, basing its approval solely on the facts and circumstances stated herein.

May an individual be employed by a Circuit Judge as coordinator/record keeper for a drug court program when the individual's spouse is already employed by the Circuit Judge as a case management person for the drug court program?

State law restricts the Mississippi Ethics Commission to interpreting and issuing opinions on Sections 25-4-101 through 25-4-119, 1972 Mississippi Code Annotated and Article IV, Section 109, Mississippi Constitution of 1890. Therefore, this opinion does not address the Mississippi laws outside the Commission's jurisdiction nor the governmental entity's internal rules and regulations.

The pertinent conflict of interest laws to be considered here are:

Code Section 25-4-101 states:

"The legislature declares that elective and public office and employment is a public trust and any effort to realize personal gain through official conduct, other than as provided by law, or as a natural consequence of the employment or position, is a violation of that trust. Therefore, public servants shall endeavor to pursue a course of conduct which will not raise suspicion among the public that they are likely to be engaged in acts that are in violation of this trust and which will not reflect unfavorably upon the state and local governments."

Code Section 25-4-103(g)(i)(iv)(v), (h), (l), (p)(i)(ii)(iii) and (q) states:

"(g) 'Governmental' means the state and all political entities thereof, both collectively and separately, including but not limited to:

(i) Counties;

(iv) All courts; and

(v) Any department, agency, board, commission, institution, instrumentality, or legislative or administrative body of the state, counties or municipalities created by statute, ordinance or executive order including all units that expend public funds.

(h) 'Governmental entity' means the state, a county, a municipality or any other separate political subdivision authorized by law to exercise a part of the sovereign power of the state.

(l) 'Pecuniary benefit' means benefit in the form of money, property, commercial interests or anything else the primary significance of which is economic gain. Expenses associated with social occasions afforded public servants shall not be deemed a pecuniary benefit.

(p) 'Public servant' means:

(i) Any elected or appointed official of the government;

(ii) Any officer, director, commissioner, supervisor, chief, head, agent or employee of the government or any agency thereof, or of any public entity created by or under the laws of the State of Mississippi or created by an agency or governmental entity thereof, any of which is funded by public funds or which expends, authorizes or recommends the use of public funds; or

(iii) Any individual who receives a salary, per diem or expenses paid in whole or in part out of funds authorized to be expended by the government.

(q) 'Relative' means the spouse, child or parent."

Code Section 25-4-105(1) states:

"(1) No public servant shall use his official position to obtain pecuniary benefit for himself other than that compensation provided for by law, or to obtain pecuniary benefit for any relative or any business with which he is associated."

Pertinent facts and circumstances in the form of the requestor's letter, absent identifying data, are attached hereto and considered a part of this opinion.

Based solely on the facts and circumstances presented by the requestor, the Commission's opinion is as follows.

The Ethics in Government laws do not as such prohibit a Circuit Judge from simultaneously employing two spouses in positions with a drug court program, one as a case management person and one as a coordinator/record keeper, if neither is a relative of the Circuit Judge and neither has supervisory power over the other.

Notwithstanding the above, both spouses are cautioned not to use their official positions for a pecuniary benefit for themselves or for the other spouse in violation of the above cited Code Section 25-4-105(1). This would certainly include the currently employed spouse using his official position with the drug court program to obtain an employment position with the drug court program for the other spouse.

The issue presented by the requestor also must be viewed as it relates to Code Section 25-4-101, set forth above. This code section sets the tone for the conflict of interest laws as the Legislature's "Declaration of Public Policy." This public policy can be summarized as any circumstance having the potential of creating suspicion among the public and reflecting unfavorably upon the state or local government should be closely reviewed by public servants with the intent to reduce or eliminate any suspicion on the part of the public which detracts from the public's trust in state or local government.

For example, one spouse having supervision and administrative oversight of the actions or responsibilities of the other spouse has the potential of creating suspicion among the public and reflecting unfavorably upon their governmental employer. A circumstance where such spousal supervision or oversight occurs in government harms the public trust. This is especially true when the supervision or oversight involves financial matters such as approving, auditing or reviewing time records and travel reimbursements.

The public trust requires that checks and balances be provided to assure that public employees remain independent and impartial; that governmental decisions be made within the proper channels; that public service not be used for private gain; and that the public has confidence in the integrity of government. When one spouse is supervising or overseeing the actions of another spouse in government, the checks and balances the public expects and demands are weakened.
 

Ronald E. Crowe

Executive Director